Question for isaak members

[Redsea90]

is this what you guys call justice.?

1. Madaxweynaha Somaliland Isaaq
2. Guddoomiyaha golaha guurtida
Isaaq
3. Guddoomiyaha golaha wakiiladda
Isaaq
4. Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda sare
Isaaq
5. Guddoomiyaha golaha garsoorka
iyo cadaaladda Isaaq
6. Xeer Ilaaliyaha guud ee qarranka
Isaaq
7. Hantidhawraha guud ee qarranka
Isaaq
Golaha Wakiiladda
82 xildhibaan ee golaha wakiiladda
60 waa isaaq
Golaha Guurtida
82 Xildhibaan ee golaha guurtida 58
waa isaaq.
Guddoomiyayaasha Guddiyada golaha
wakiiladda
10 guddi hoosaad ee golaha
wakiiladda 8 waa isaaq
9 guddi hoosaad ee golaha guurtida 7
waa isaaq.
Golaha Wasiiradda
1. Wasiirka Arrimaha dibadda Isaaq
2. Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha Isaaq
3. Wasiirka Maaliyadda Isaaq
4. Wasiirka Ganacsiga Isaaq
5 Wasiirka Madaxtooyada Isaaq
6. Wasiirka Duulista Isaaq
7. Wasiirka Shiidaalka iyo Tamarta
Isaaq
8. Wasiirka Cadaaladda Isaaq
9. Wasiirka Warfaafinta Isaaq
10. Wasiirka Cayaaraha Isaaq
11. Wasiirka Wershadaha Isaaq
12. Wasiirka Waxbarashada Isaaq
13. Wasiirka Deegaanka Isaaq
14. Wasiirka Xannaada xoolaha Isaaq
15. Wasiiru dawlaha Madaxtooyada
Isaaq.
16. Wasiiru dawlaha Maaliyadda Isaaq
17. Wasiirka qorshaynta qarranka
Isaaq
%92 golaha wasiiradu waa beesha
dhexe ama isaaq.
Waaxda Ammaanka iyo Ciidamadda.
1. Taliyaha ciidanka qarranka Isaaq.
2. Taliyaha ciidanka Booliiska Isaaq
3 Taliyaha ciidanka sirdoonka Isaaq.
4. Taliyaha laanta baadhista
danbiyada CID Isaaq.
5. Taliyaha ciidanka ilaaladda
xeebaha Isaaq.
6. taliyaha ciidamadda SPU Isaaq.
7. Taliyaha ciidanka RRU Isaaq
8.Taliyaha laanta socdaalku waa
isaaq
Marka laga reebo taliyaha ciidanka
asluubta oo qudha dhammaanba
laamaha ammaanka waxaa hogaamiya
beesha isaaq.
Wasiir Ku Xigeenadda
1. Wasiir ku xigeenka arrimaha
dibadda Isaaq
2. Wasiir ku xigeenka gaashandhiga
Isaaq
3. Wasiir ku xigeenka hawlaha guud
isaaq
4. Wasiir ku xigeenka ganacsiga
Isaaq.
5. Wasiir ku xigeenka caafimaadka
Isaaq.
6. Wasiir ku xigeenka arrimaha
gudaha amniga Isaaq.
7. Wasiir ku xigeenka shaqada iyo
shaqaalaha
seddex wasaaradood oo qudha oo ka
soo hadhay ayaa ah beelaha kale.
Dhammaanba haayadaha qarranka %
98 waa isaaq tusaalayaal
1. Maareeyaha dekedda Berbera
Isaaq.
2. Maareeye ku xigeenka dekedda
berbera Isaaq.
3. Guddoomiyaha haayadda Aids ka
qarranka Isaaq.
4. Guddoomiyaha haayadda
xidhiidhinta cuntada Isaaq.
5. Guddoomiyaha haayadda
qandaraasyada qarranka Isaaq.
6. Guddoomiyaha guddida
dhakhaatiirta Isaaq.
7. Guddoomiyaha haayadda la
dagaalanka budhcad badeeda isaaq.
8. Guddoomiyaha haayadda
shaqaalaha dawladda isaaq.
9. Guddoomiyaha ururka suxufiyiinta
Somaliland ISAAQ.
10. Guddoomiyaha haayadda
masiibooyinka qarranka Isaaq.
11. Guddoomiyaha ilaalinta tayada
raashinka.
12. Guddoomiyaha haayadda
gargaarka Isaaq.
13. Gudoomiyaha haayadda
wadooyinka Isaaq.
14. Guddoomiyaha ururka
dhalinyarada Somaliland SONYO Isaaq
15. Guddoomiyaha ururadda bulshada
Somaliland SONSAF Isaaq
16. Guddoomiyaha guddida
koomishanka doorashooyinka
qarranka Isaaq.
17. Guddoomiyaha haayadda
korontada Hargeysa Isaaq.
18. Guddoomiyaha wakaaladda biyaha
Hargeysa Isaaq.
19. Agaasimaha dhismaha
madaxtooyada Isaaq.
20. Guddoomiyaha guddida cayaaraha
qarranka Isaaq.
21. Guddoomiyaha haayadda la
dagaalanka musuq maasuqa isaaq.
22. Guddoomiyaha haayadda
madaaradda lacagaha ka uruurisa
NAASHA isaaq.
23. Guddoomiyaha Haamaha
shiidaalka Berbera Isaaq.
24. Guddoomiyaha rugta ganacsiga
Isaaq.
25. Xidhiidhiyaha wasaaradda
waxbarashada iyo haayadaha
caalamiga ah Isaaq. CFBT
26. Guddoomiyaha haayadda abaabul
ka saarka qarranka NDC Isaaq.
27. Guddoomiyaha guddida
darajooyinka ciidamadda Isaaq.
28. Guddoomiyaha haayadda
xuquuqul insaanka qarranka Isaaq.
29. Guddoomiyaha ururka haweenka
NAW Isaaq.
30. Guddoomiyaha telefishanka
qarranka Somaliland ISAAQ
31. Guddoomiyaha wakaaladda
wararka Somaliland SOLNA Isaaq.
32. Agaasimaha idaacadda Radio
Hargeysa Isaaq
33. Guddoomiyaha Wergeyska
dawladda Dawakh/Dawan Isaaq
Waaxda Maaliyadda
Guddoomiyaha Baanka Dhexe
Somaliland Isaaq
Agaasimaha Baanka Dhexe Somaliland
Isaaq
Guddoomiyaha Bangiga ganacsiga
Isaaq.
Agaasimaha waaxda miisaaniyadda
Isaaq.
Madaxa Kastamyada Beriga Isaaq
Madaxa Kastamyada Galbeedka Isaaq.
Madaxa Kastamka Dekedda Berbera
Isaaq.
Madaxa cashuuraha Berriga Isaaq
%99 la taliyayaasha madaxweynahu
waa isaaq Tusaale ahaan
1. La Taliyaha madaxweynaha ee
siyaasadda Isaaq
2. La Taliyaha madaxweynaha ee
dhinaca ammaanka Isaaq.
3. La Taliyaha madaxweynaha ee
ganacsiga iyo maalgashiga Isaaq.
4. La Taliyaha Madaxweynaha ee
haayadaha caalamiga ah iyo kuwa
maxaliga ah Isaaq
5. La Taliyaha madaxweynaha ee
arrimaha dibadda Isaaq.
6. La Taliyaha dhinaca gaashandhiga
Isaaq.
Safiiradda Dalalka Dibadda
Safiirka Somaliland Ethiopia Isaaq
Safiirka Somaliland Ingiriiska Isaaq
Safiirka Somaliland Maraykan Isaaq
Safiirka Somaliland ee dalka Sweden
Isaaq
Safiirka Somaliland ee dalka
faransiiska Isaaq
Safiirka Somaliland ee dalka Jibouti
Isaaq
Safiirka Somaliland ee dalka Koonfurta
Sudan Isaaq
Safiirka Somaliland dalka Kenya Isaaq
Safiirka Wareega ee Somaliland Isaaq
Dhammaanba safiiradda dalalka
shisheeye waa isaaq.
Guddoomiyayaasha Xisbiyada
Guddoomiyaha Xisbiga KULMIYE Isaaq
Guddoomiyaha Xisbiga UCID Isaaq
Guddoomiyaha xisbiga WADANI Isaaq
Badhasaabyada Gobolada
Badhasaabka gobolka Togdheer Isaaq
Badhasaabka gobolka Awdal Isaaq
Badhasaabka Gobolka Sanaag Isaaq
Badhasaabka gobolka Gabiley Isaaq
Badhasaabka gobolka Sool Isaaq

[lander24]

When your in Somaliland the name Isaaq doesn't exist. It goes by subclans. When your 3.2 million out of the 3.5 that live on the land what do you expect? Majority will always get more then the MINORITY.

[theyuusuf143]

As lander said the name "isaaq" does not exist in Somaliland. Somaliland system is completely based on subclan alliance. the subclans votes for the national parties, then the group of clans whos their party wins takes the most powerfull seats !

Clans who votes the least have less and less power. For example Samaroon has always more power compare to dhulbahante because the dhulos are not reliable voters. back to 2003 things were the opposite as its today. The Corner clans (hart and dir) must understand and integrate the system. Isaaqaw waxas na siiya does not work, what isaq are they talking about ?

Isaaqs are several habro habarna ninkii hoosta ka galaa wax ka hela, if Samarons stop calaacalin and create alliance with the habaryonis backed Wadani withing 6 months they can put themselves up on kulmiye supporters same like 2003. dhuloos will never have noticeble national power until they learn how to vote first. there is only 2 things that unites isaaq, SNM history and SOMALILAND . we are defferent in every other things.

[gulaid111]

Ceeb weeye runtii

[Djiboutian]

If you allowed me to interfere in Somaliland interior affairs I would say it is not justice but first let me add some names to your list.

Saamiga qaybsiga Golaha Wasiirada Beelaha laga tiirada badan yahay


Beesha Gobolka Bariga Awdal

1. Wasiirka Arrimaha Bulshada
2. Wasiirka Beeraha
3. Wasiirka Xidhiidhka Goloyaasha
4. Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta

5. Wasiiru-dawlaha Arrimaha Dibadda

6. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Qorshaynta Qaranka


Beesha Bariga Sool

1. Wasiirka Caafimaadka
2. Wasiirka Hawlaha Guud
3. Wasiirka Biyaha

4. Wasiiru-dawlaha Nabadaynta Gobolada Bari

5. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Arrimaha Gudaha

Beesha Bariga Sanaag

1. Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga
2. Wasiirka Kalluumaysiga

3. Wasiiru-dawlaha Xannaanada Xoolaha

4. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Macdanta


Beesha Galbeedka Awdal

1. Wasiirka Dib-udajinta

2. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Caddaalada


Beesha Adhicadeeye

1. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Warfaafinta


Beelaha La Hayb soco

1. Wasiir-ku xigeenka Hawlaha Guud

-----------------------

Waxa xaqiiq ah in ay Belaha laga tiirada badan yahay ay qiyaas ahan 20 % - 30% shacabka reer Somaliland halka ay sami qaybsi kooda yahay sida hoose ku quran:-

Tirada Guud Wasiirada Somaliland = 10 Wasiir (Out of 26 Wasiir = 38.5%)

Tirada Guud Wasiiru-dawlada = 3 Wasiiru-dawlah (Out of 6 Wasiiru-dawlah = 50%)

Tiirada guud Wasiir ku xigeenka = 6 Wasiir ku xigeen (Out of 13 Wasiir Ku Xigeen = 46 %)

Wa cadaalad daro cad halka ay Beelo reer Somaliland ah oo usu halgantay LA SO NOQOSHADA MADAX BANAANIDA SOMALILAND HAL WASIIR MISA WASIIRU-DAWLAG MISA WASIIR KU XIGEEN TOONA LAHAYN

* Beesha War Cibraan 0% !!
* Beesha Qalocan 0% !!
* Beesha Wagi Waagi 0% !!

Halka Beelaha kale wax oo qaalma laa siin siiba :-

* Beesha Galbeedka Burco = 3 Wasiir , 1 Wasiiru-dawlah , 2 Wasiir ku Kigeen ( Halka laga siiyay Beesha Bariga Awdalna = 4 Wasiir, 1 Wasiiru- dawlah, 1 Wasiir Ku Xigee iyo Madaxweyne Ku Xigeen!! )


* Beesha Balligubadle = 2 Wasiir, 2 Wasiir Ku Xigeen (Halka laga siiyay Beesha Bariga Sool = 3 Wasiir, 1 Wasiiru-dawlah, 1 Wasiir Ku Xigeen !!)

* Beesha Gobolka Saaxil = 1 Wasiir iyo 1 Wasiir Ku Xigeen ( Halka laga siiyay Beesha Bariga Sanaag = 2 Wasiir, 1 Wasiiru-dawlah, 1 Wasiir Ku Xigeen !! )

* Beesha Salaxlay = 1 Wasiir iyo 1 Wasiiru-dawlah ( Halka laga siiyay Beesha Galbeedka Awdal = 1 Wasiir iyo 1 Wasiir Ku Xigeen !! )

MARKA LA ISKU DARU BEESHA GOBOLKA SAAXIL IYO BEESHA SALAXLAY WAXAY NOQONAYAN TIIRADA GOLAHA WASIIRADA 2 WASIIR, 1 WASIIRU-DAWLAH IYO 1 WASIIR KU XIGEEN (WHICH IS SAME AS BEESHA BARIGA SANAAG !! )

* Beesha Sayla-Bari = 1 Wasiir ku xigeen (OO LALA SIMAY BEELAHA LA HAYB SOCO)

IS THIS WHAT YOU GUYS CALL JUSTICE !!

http://www.magudhenews.com/wararka/saam ... wasiirada/

-----------------------------------

And now let me show you the justice in my country Djibouti ( Hurmoodka nabad iyo cadaalada Geeska Afrika )

National Assembly (65 Seats, directly elected from ethnic constituencies, 33 Issa and 32 Afar, most recent elections, 8 February 2008)

Numbers of Ministries and MP are fixed for each ethnic group :-

Ministries 1 Isaak, 1 Gadabursi, 1 Yemeni and the rest is divided equally between Issa & Afar (6 for each)

MP: 3 Isaak, 2 Gadabursi, 1 Yemeni , 1 of Sudani descendant the rest is divided equally between Issa and Afar (Out of 65 MP)

http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/Djibouti2010.pdf

The 2000 Djibouti census reports total population as 2000 census 460,700 of which Somali (297,000 speakers), Afar (99,200 speakers ) and others minority groups are 64,500

http://www.orvillejenkins.com/profiles/afar.html

Why Afars are over-represented in Djibouti politics? Whose interests is it?

It is worth to mention that 80% - 90% of Djibouti population live in Djibouti City and it is well known who is the biggest tribe - in term of number - in Djibouti City.

--------------------------------

Another example of Justice :-

Sami Qaybsiga Mamulka Somalida Ethiopia

http://www.cadceed.com/2012/11/madaxwey ... rburo.html

[gulaid111]

If you allowed me to interfere in Somaliland interior affairs I would say it is not justice but first let me add some names to your list.

Saamiga qaybsiga Golaha Wasiirada Beelaha laga tiirada badan yahay


Beesha Gobolka Bariga Awdal

1. Wasiirka Arrimaha Bulshada
2. Wasiirka Beeraha
3. Wasiirka Xidhiidhka Goloyaasha
4. Wasiirka Boosaha iyo Isgaadhsiinta

5. Wasiiru-dawlaha Arrimaha Dibadda

6. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Qorshaynta Qaranka


Beesha Bariga Sool

1. Wasiirka Caafimaadka
2. Wasiirka Hawlaha Guud
3. Wasiirka Biyaha

4. Wasiiru-dawlaha Nabadaynta Gobolada Bari

5. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Arrimaha Gudaha

Beesha Bariga Sanaag

1. Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga
2. Wasiirka Kalluumaysiga

3. Wasiiru-dawlaha Xannaanada Xoolaha

4. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Macdanta


Beesha Galbeedka Awdal

1. Wasiirka Dib-udajinta

2. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Caddaalada


Beesha Adhicadeeye

1. Wasiir-kuxigeenka Warfaafinta


Beelaha La Hayb soco

1. Wasiir-ku xigeenka Hawlaha Guud

-----------------------

Waxa xaqiiq ah in ay Belaha laga tiirada badan yahay ay qiyaas ahan 20 % - 30% shacabka reer Somaliland halka ay sami qaybsi kooda yahay sida hoose ku quran:-

Tirada Guud Wasiirada Somaliland = 10 Wasiir (Out of 26 Wasiir = 38.5%)

Tirada Guud Wasiiru-dawlada = 3 Wasiiru-dawlah (Out of 6 Wasiiru-dawlah = 50%)

Tiirada guud Wasiir ku xigeenka = 6 Wasiir ku xigeen (Out of 13 Wasiir Ku Xigeen = 46 %)

Wa cadaalad daro cad halka ay Beelo reer Somaliland ah oo usu halgantay LA SO NOQOSHADA MADAX BANAANIDA SOMALILAND HAL WASIIR MISA WASIIRU-DAWLAG MISA WASIIR KU XIGEEN TOONA LAHAYN

* Beesha War Cibraan 0% !!
* Beesha Qalocan 0% !!
* Beesha Wagi Waagi 0% !!

Halka Beelaha kale wax oo qaalma laa siin siiba :-

* Beesha Galbeedka Burco = 3 Wasiir , 1 Wasiiru-dawlah , 2 Wasiir ku Kigeen ( Halka laga siiyay Beesha Bariga Awdalna = 4 Wasiir, 1 Wasiiru- dawlah, 1 Wasiir Ku Xigee iyo Madaxweyne Ku Xigeen!! )


* Beesha Balligubadle = 2 Wasiir, 2 Wasiir Ku Xigeen (Halka laga siiyay Beesha Bariga Sool = 3 Wasiir, 1 Wasiiru-dawlah, 1 Wasiir Ku Xigeen !!)

* Beesha Gobolka Saaxil = 1 Wasiir iyo 1 Wasiir Ku Xigeen ( Halka laga siiyay Beesha Bariga Sanaag = 2 Wasiir, 1 Wasiiru-dawlah, 1 Wasiir Ku Xigeen !! )

* Beesha Salaxlay = 1 Wasiir iyo 1 Wasiiru-dawlah ( Halka laga siiyay Beesha Galbeedka Awdal = 1 Wasiir iyo 1 Wasiir Ku Xigeen !! )

MARKA LA ISKU DARU BEESHA GOBOLKA SAAXIL IYO BEESHA SALAXLAY WAXAY NOQONAYAN TIIRADA GOLAHA WASIIRADA 2 WASIIR, 1 WASIIRU-DAWLAH IYO 1 WASIIR KU XIGEEN (WHICH IS SAME AS BEESHA BARIGA SANAAG !! )

* Beesha Sayla-Bari = 1 Wasiir ku xigeen (OO LALA SIMAY BEELAHA LA HAYB SOCO)

IS THIS WHAT YOU GUYS CALL JUSTICE !!

http://www.magudhenews.com/wararka/saam ... wasiirada/

-----------------------------------

And now let me show you the justice in my country Djibouti ( Hurmoodka nabad iyo cadaalada Geeska Afrika )

National Assembly (65 Seats, directly elected from ethnic constituencies, 33 Issa and 32 Afar, most recent elections, 8 February 2008)

Numbers of Ministries and MP are fixed for each ethnic group :-

Ministries 1 Isaak, 1 Gadabursi, 1 Yemeni and the rest is divided equally between Issa & Afar (6 for each)

MP: 3 Isaak, 2 Gadabursi, 1 Yemeni , 1 of Sudani descendant the rest is divided equally between Issa and Afar (Out of 65 MP)

http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/Djibouti2010.pdf

The 2000 Djibouti census reports total population as 2000 census 460,700 of which Somali (297,000 speakers), Afar (99,200 speakers ) and others minority groups are 64,500

http://www.orvillejenkins.com/profiles/afar.html

Why Afars are over-represented in Djibouti politics? Whose interests is it?

It is worth to mention that 80% - 90% of Djibouti population live in Djibouti City and it is well known who is the biggest tribe - in term of number - in Djibouti City.

--------------------------------

Another example of Justice :-

Sami Qaybsiga Mamulka Somalida Ethiopia

http://www.cadceed.com/2012/11/madaxwey ... rburo.html

Arimaha Somaliland maxaa ka galay adiga dugaagyow, idinku cadaalaad darada qobadiina ka jirta malaaa mad arag, Somalidaa tidhaahda Maroodigu takarta saaran ma arkee, tu kale ayuu arkaa.

Neef ila neef

[theyuusuf143]

@Djiboutian

Lool who is " Beesha Wagi Waagi 0% !!" ? Are you HJ Djiboutian ? I gues you related to ilma naaleeye tuur.

[SahanGalbeed]

Salam aleikum brother . It is about perception and how you interpret the data . The strength of the Isaaq is a credit more to fortune than design , meaning by there the geographical disposition they find themselves among the rest of the Somali tribal families. We have size and geographical cohesion , everything else is a work in progress .

[Djiboutian]

Arimaha Somaliland maxaa ka galay adiga dugaagyow, idinku cadaalaad darada qobadiina ka jirta malaaa mad arag, Somalidaa tidhaahda Maroodigu takarta saaran ma arkee, tu kale ayuu arkaa.

Neef ila neef

Firstly, the topic is " Question for Isaak members" Not " Question for Somalilander members" so since I'm one I'm entitled to reply.

Secondly, I'm replying to redsea not to you so mind your own business "Faqash boy".

Thirdly, nin caytama behind his laptop screen ma'a ahi oo hadaan in real life ku arki laha meel aan afka ahay kamaan laadi lahayn (I'm dead serious ).

Finally, waxa ayaan daro ah in beesha oo ka dhashay Amir Sharmarkeh Bin Ali Saleh Basha, Sayid Ahmed Sheekh Musa, Xaaji Warsame Bulaale "Xaaji Waraabe", Sultan Nur Aman, Chief Caqil Xaaji Farah Suusle, Facuul Aadan Juglehi dilay Captain Gibs, Muj. Abwaan Yusuf Xaaji Aadan Qabileh, Mahmoud Ahmed Ali, Abwan Mohamed Adam Caws "Yawle", Abwan Xaaji Adam Af-qaloc, Abwan Ahmed Diiriye "Qasim, Muj. Mr. Abdulrahman Ahmed Ali, Muj. Abdulqader Koosar, Muj. Mohamed Al, Muj. Hasan Kayd, Muj. Mohamed Hashi "Lixle.... etc oo libaaxyada aha in ay saami qaybsigooda ka yarado BEESHA BARIGA AWDAL !!

Maroodigu takarta saaran ma arkee, tu kale ayuu arkaa.

Ninka takarta saaran waa adiga oo aniga maha, if you hail from Beesha Bariga Burco as you claim which I really doubt. Intaad shiishiye oo doodisiid taada marka hore ku dacwoow.

@theyuusuf143

Beeshi Wajiwaaji is Beesha Ahmed Bin Sharif Ishaq "aka Toljecle" .

I am not related to Naala Tur "not Naaleye Tur" Rahimahu Allah.

[Redsea90]

thanks for the input, what i get from your replies is that isaak is split into muiple subclans which makes sense making you the majority in somaliland politics. but my other question is you are split into muliple sublans why are harti and gabadbursi classed as one, when they could be split too.?

[jalaaludin5]

Somaliland democracy is in it's infancy and still growing.

Be patient wali waa socad barad but inshallah and in do time it will reach maturity.

[Djiboutian]

thanks for the input, what i get from your replies is that isaak is split into muiple subclans which makes sense making you the majority in somaliland politics. but my other question is you are split into muliple sublans why are harti and gabadbursi classed as one, when they could be split too.?

Scroll up.

I split others too. Beesha Bariga Sool and Beesha Bariga Sanaag hail from one sub clan. Whereas, Beesha Bariga Awdal and Beesha Galbeedka Awdal are classified as one clan in Somalia Federal Government but I also split it into two clans.

Based on "one person one vote" rule the minority deserve not more than 25% of the seats in Parliament, House of Elders and ministries cabint. But as you said "Is there justice".

[lali99]

thanks for the input, what i get from your replies is that isaak is split into muiple subclans which makes sense making you the majority in somaliland politics. but my other question is you are split into muliple sublans why are harti and gabadbursi classed as one, when they could be split too.?

Gadabuursi and Harti are already split from Darood and Dir respectively.

[X.Playa]

Excellent rebuttal jabooutian.