Somalia-Ethiopia, Kenya Conflict
Ethiopia and Kenya concluded a mutual defense pact in 1964 in response to what both countries perceived as a continuing threat from Somalia. This pact was renewed in 1980 and again on August 28, 1987, calling for the coordination of the armed forces of both states in the event of an attack by Somalia.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ ... malia1.htm
Somali Tribes in NFD
Gabbra
Rendille
Sakuye
Booni
Ogaden
Garre
Murule
Degodia
Wardey
2,700 Killed During 60s Isiolo Massacre
Hussein Salesa
10 May 2011
EMOTIONS run high in Isiolo during a public TJRC hearing as victims of Daaba spoke of past injustices and killings during state of emergecny in 1960s.
The victims estimate the number of those shot dead during the state of emergency, when thousands of pastoralists were put into three concentration camps at 2,700.
Hussein Adan, who presented a memornadum to TJRC, said hundreds of women were raped, some tortured and beaten soldiers.
Adan said some women were taken away by security forces especially, the wives of men who fled to join Shifta, and detained at Merti, Garba-tulla and Modogashe camps. Hussein Jama recalled the massarcre and mass killing of livestock by soldiers during the state of emergency.
During the hearing, the victims said the government should undertake a comprehensive development initiative similar to marshal Plan that USA initiated for post world war reconstruction of Europe to compensate for the losses.
They claimed livestock worth billions of shillings were lost during the massarcre and that the only way to deal with the ugly and bloody past is to through reparation and compensation.
Victims recalled camels and donkeys were shot on sight because they were considered instruments of war. In fact, the camel population was almost wiped out in the period. Kenyan troops thought Shiftas took away the livestock for food or transport.
Adan also called on the government to rehabilitate and resettle the displaced population through restocking and other sustainable means to provide education, water and health.He said the government must also provide roads, telecommunication and railway network.
Some victims who presented their memorandum to the commission called on the government to pay the victims cash.
Daaba, meaning concertration camp, took place between 1965 and 1967, immediately after Kenya's independence. It took place in Isiolo district in Eastern province of Kenya. It was centred on the then three divisions of the district, namely: Merti, Garba Tulla and Modogashe.
The event that led to daaba were the clamour for Kenya's independence was rising in the 1950s and 1960s, new political parties cropped up in the South Kenya. The Northern Frontier Districts (NFD) region of Kenya was not left out.
And it led to formation of political Parties representing the interests of the pastroralists. The two major parties from the North were the Northern Province Peoples Progressive Party and the Northern People Union Association.
While the NPPPP, predominantly supported by the four districts of Garissa, Isiolo, Mandera and Wajir wanted the NFD to secede to the Republic of Somalia, the NPUA predominantly supported by Marsabit and Moyale districts, agitated for it to remain in Kenya.
Relevant Links
* East Africa
* Kenya
* Conflict
In a bid to determine the future of the NFD, the British government through the office of the Secretary of State for the colonies formed the Northern Frontier District Commission in 1962.The commission decided the regions remain part of Kenya.
Survivors said those frustrated by the decision opted to wage a guerrilla war against the Kenya Government. This was the beginning of the infamous "Shifta war The government of the newly independent Kenya used excessive military force to quell the uprising in most part of the NFD
They said though the civilians in NFD generally suffered from the brutal methods, the Waso Boran were collectively condemned and bear the brunt of the war.
http://allafrica.com/stories/201105110126.html