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The future potential export industries of Somalia

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Coeus
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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Coeus » Thu Aug 18, 2011 1:11 pm

"In the Lower Shabelle regions of Jowhar and Mogambo, districts hosted rice farms under a government-sponsored program called 'The Mogambo rice project', which produced enough rice for the local community and surplus that was supplied to the neighboring regions. It was established through an irrigation scheme where the water catchments were formed at the mouth of Shabelle River before it discharged its water to the Indian Ocean. The region was also known for the production of banana and vegetables, but the drought has decimated the crops.

Gedo region's Bardere district is also served by Shabelle River. The district, which is now in the hands of militant Islamist group al-Shabaab, was well-known for the production of tobacco. However, the militants banned the production of the crop once it took power in 2007."

Whoever wrote this gets a fail in Somali geography. The Shabelle gets nowhere near Gedo and never reaches the ocean. In really wet years it joins the Juubba above Jilib. Bardere district is on the Juubba, not the Schabelle.

Has anyone mentioned either meerschaum or semsem?

80% of 10,000 Hectares is one heck of a tobacco crop. Can this be for real?
I think its you who fail Geography the rivers at one point does gets lost to the Indian ocean, go dubble check the Somali rivers on map.

Secondlyy, selling tobbaco is more profitable then many other crops. And as he was banned from using tobbaco in his farm, the same year the islamists took overover the south, and deemed it unislamic

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Grant » Thu Aug 18, 2011 2:20 pm

"In the Lower Shabelle regions of Jowhar and Mogambo, districts hosted rice farms under a government-sponsored program called 'The Mogambo rice project', which produced enough rice for the local community and surplus that was supplied to the neighboring regions. It was established through an irrigation scheme where the water catchments were formed at the mouth of Shabelle River before it discharged its water to the Indian Ocean. The region was also known for the production of banana and vegetables, but the drought has decimated the crops.

Gedo region's Bardere district is also served by Shabelle River. The district, which is now in the hands of militant Islamist group al-Shabaab, was well-known for the production of tobacco. However, the militants banned the production of the crop once it took power in 2007."

Whoever wrote this gets a fail in Somali geography. The Shabelle gets nowhere near Gedo and never reaches the ocean. In really wet years it joins the Juubba above Jilib. Bardere district is on the Juubba, not the Schabelle.

Has anyone mentioned either meerschaum or semsem?

80% of 10,000 Hectares is one heck of a tobacco crop. Can this be for real?
I think its you who fail Geography the rivers at one point does gets lost to the Indian ocean, go dubble check the Somali rivers on map.

Secondlyy, selling tobbaco is more profitable then many other crops. And as he was banned from using tobbaco in his farm, the same year the islamists took overover the south, and deemed it unislamic
Coeus,

http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0m.htm

There is only one outfall from the Shabelli-Juuba system, and it is just north of Kismayu at goobweyn. In normal years the Shabelli does not even reach the Juuba, but dries up short of it. The Bardheere dam was on the Juuba, not the Shabelli. It's you who needs to check the map.

And what does the profitability of growing tobacco have to do with one guy being able to grow 8,000 hectares of it? Sorry, but I still don't believe it.

Grant

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Coeus » Thu Aug 18, 2011 3:52 pm

Your entitled to your opinion.

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Coeus » Thu Aug 18, 2011 3:56 pm

Back to the subject.


Berbera


Here is a small video of Berbera, and its future potential as a Tourist destination &Commercial Port city.

I would say this city needs more attention, the inhabitants has mroe or less left the city in droves. The National goverment only built a few buildings and a paved Road. Much of the attention of Berbera went to the Port. The Soviet union also constructed a deep sea port that was completed in 1962.


Here is the video:

[youtube]NHaHPc4ZG0Y&feature=related[/youtube]

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Grant » Thu Aug 18, 2011 7:16 pm

http://somalilandpress.com/video-port-o ... story-9565

Here's a history of the Berbera port from the Somalilandpress. It says the twelve meter portion was constructed in 1964. The full Russian portion of the port was completed in 1969.

But, I will, of course, take your opinion into account..... :P

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Coeus » Thu Aug 18, 2011 7:23 pm

http://somalilandpress.com/video-port-o ... story-9565

Here's a history of the Berbera port from the Somalilandpress. It says the twelve meter portion was constructed in 1964. The full Russian portion of the port was completed in 1969.

But, I will, of course, take your opinion into account..... :P
That is not considered a reliable source. If you have Adobe acrobat, then read this document wich speaks of the Soviet-Somali relations and cooperations. Issued by the UN.

http://www.un.int/wcm/webdav/site/somal ... 763821.doc

I suggest next time you verify your sources.

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Grant » Thu Aug 18, 2011 7:26 pm

HTTP Status 404 - Not Found: No object found at /shared/...

type Status report

message Not Found: No object found at /shared/...

description The requested resource (Not Found: No object found at /shared/...) is not available.
Apache Tomcat/5.5.17

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Coeus » Thu Aug 18, 2011 7:28 pm

HTTP Status 404 - Not Found: No object found at /shared/...

type Status report

message Not Found: No object found at /shared/...

description The requested resource (Not Found: No object found at /shared/...) is not available.
Apache Tomcat/5.5.17
It works perfectly fine for me. :ugeek:

Check your computer.

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Grant » Thu Aug 18, 2011 7:36 pm

http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-12055.html

In 1962 the USSR agreed to loan Somalia $32M , to modernize and enlarge an army to 14,000 personnel. The rest came later, and really didn't increase greatly in scale until after the Kacaan.

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby OliveOil » Thu Aug 18, 2011 10:25 pm

*phew that took a lot of effort...but interesting read nevertheless!! :P

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Coeus » Thu Aug 18, 2011 10:28 pm

*phew that took a lot of effort...but interesting read nevertheless!! :P
Well and what do you agree with and what dont you agree with regarding the thread content? :D

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby ZubeirAwal » Thu Aug 18, 2011 10:33 pm

Coeus,do you believe the tfg can 'build' berbera :lol: :lol:

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby Coeus » Thu Aug 18, 2011 10:36 pm

Coeus,do you believe the tfg can 'build' berbera :lol: :lol:
Stop trolling in this thread :arrow:

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby ZubeirAwal » Thu Aug 18, 2011 10:54 pm

Emeralds from the simodi mine in somaliland
Image

Image

http://gemologyonline.com/Forum/phpBB2/ ... =6&t=13560
Reough diamond found in mandheera
Image

Emerald found in mandheera
Image

ruby found in mandheera
Image

Sapphire found in mandheera
Image

Bounlder-Opal found in mandheera
Image

Aquamarine found in mandheera
Image

Outside the mines in mandheera

Image

Image
edit: i might have mistaken some of the pictures because some of them came from the simodi mine and not the mandheera mine nethertheless both coming the somali peninsula

http://www.somagem.com/profile.html

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Re: The future potential export industries of Somalia

Postby ZubeirAwal » Thu Aug 18, 2011 10:57 pm

Somaliland In Northern Africa Appears To Be The New
Potential Gemstone-Bearing Area Comparable To Madagascar Or Tanzania

JEWELLERY NET ASIA.COM, 24/01/2001
Somaliland in northern Africa appears to be the new potential gemstone-bearing area comparable to Madagascar or Tanzania. Recent geological surveys indicate that Somaliland has abundant deposits of gemstones, from emerald to aquamarine, ruby and sapphire as well as vast amounts of garnet, quartz and opal as well as lesser-known minerals such as titanite and vesuvianite.

In addition to pegmatite, which are the host rocks of emerald and other kinds of beryl such as aquamarine, Somaliland has metamorphic rocks that hold nodules of ruby and sapphire.

There is little understanding of its mineral deposits but villagers in Somaliland use primitive tools to dig out a range of gemstones that they offer for sale to dealers locally. When aid officials at the European Community (EC) office in the country's capital, Hargeisa, first saw the gemstones, they believed they had been stolen from graves. To determine whether these stones came out of the ground or stolen from graves, EC invited a consultant geologist and gemmologist from the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, Dr Judith Kinnaird, to investigate.

Dr Kinnaird visited the country twice in the past two years. In addition to identifying gem minerals in the country, she helps local miners distinguish among similar coloured minerals and is working with Progressive Interventions supported by EC funding to help set up a gemmological association and marketing channels for Somaliland's mineral resources.

The following report was compiled by Jewellery News Asia's contributing editor, Jennifer Henricus from a presentation made by Dr Kinnaird at the annual conference of the Gemmological Association of Great Britain in London in late 2000 and from an interview with Dr Kinnaird.

Somaliland is part of the Mozambique belt and prior to the continental drift 900 million years ago, was in the same area as Madagascar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka and India, Dr Judith Kinnaird said.

Somaliland has the similar type of gem minerals as these other well-known gem-bearing countries but gem deposits have only recently been discovered. Recovery of gemstones, carried out in a primitive and haphazard manner, has been done only since 1988, Dr Kinnaird said.

The gem-producing belt is a fairly narrow strip located in a zone of rocks roughly parallel to the Gulf of Aden and is between 30 and 80 kilometres wide, 200 to 300 kilometres long.

The country was a British protectorate from 1886 until it became independent in 1960 and five days later became part of Somalia, a former Italian colony. In 1982 civil war broke out and lasted for nine years, but the country is still trying to recover from the ravages of this war. "Access to gem deposits is difficult. The debris from the war remains: roads suffered extremely, bridges have been bombed out. Getting to many of the mineral locations involves a bone-shaking journey," Dr Kinnaird said.

The terrain in Somaliland is varied including high mountains and beaches along the Gulf of Aden. Temperatures are sub-Saharan, up to 50 degrees Celsius in summer on the coast, she said.

EMERALD

The country has two known emerald producing areas, one at Alihiley and another at Simodi in western Somaliland, Dr Kinnaird said.

Emerald deposits occur at the contact of two rock types: where large granite-like pegmatite comes in contact with softer black schist.

Dr Kinnaird explained: "Two types of rock are necessary to form emerald. To give the emerald its green colour, the beryl needs to be in contact with chromium-bearing rock or, in some cases, vanadium, and this colouring agent comes from schist because pegmatite has no chromium.

"Occasionally little fingers of pegmatite go out into the schist and the best emerald rough is in these fingers. Because the schist is softer than pegmatite, most of the exploration work has been in the schist, which is easier to mine. As a result, the miners were going away from the emerald."

She said in most of the emerald rough she examined there is quite patchy colour development, and the very well developed crystals have a dark green outer layer and a paler or yellowish green core.

Dr Kinnaird said the Simodi area has enormous potential: pegmatite is abundant and is visible in white streaks across the hillsides and on several occasions large clumps of emerald or beryl of other colours have been found.

"The pegmatite in Simodi is located in remote area and it took us six hours to cover 50 miles, with the last two hours spent on foot through the mountains."

Local miners have recently re-started mining with 200 men working the area after a long period of absence. "They are working on only one pegmatite. Pits were dug in a haphazard manner initially in 1988 during the civil war. The precarious pits will sooner or later become the cause of accidents. I hope to return to Somaliland and try to help organise the mining in the area. The instability of the slopes is aggravated by torrential rain as well as slight earth tremors as the Gulf of Aden is widening."

She said mining is extremely difficult and painstakingly slow because people do not have the proper equipment. "Rock breaking is done by hammer and chisel while waste is extracted and thrown up by hand in small pans. They have a local saying 'everybody must put their hands to work'.

"As mining started only recently, gem material is not available in large amount. But inevitably out of every pocket and hut comes some material. Some nice-quality emerald is being mined and people are managing to sell, though in an amateur manner."

Dr Kinnaird said Alihiley too has some emerald-bearing pegmatite and this is the only place in Somaliland where any sort of mechanical equipment is used. "These miners were the proud owners of a compressor." She said she had some stones cut and the colour and quality is good.

AQUAMARINE AND OTHER BERYLS

To the east of the emerald gem belt in western Somaliland, the gemstones occur still in pegmatite and they can be seen as white criss-crossing bodies on the hillside. In this eastern part, miners are working on pegmatite with aquamarine, Dr Kinnaird said.

"Because the pegmatite has intruded into a granite rock, it does not have chromium to give the beryls the green colour. Instead, the presence of iron or titanium gives forth the blue or blue green colours of aquamarine."

Dr Kinnaird said the aquamarine crystals in the area are quite large. "I have seen crystals up to one metre long, but the crystals are mostly characterised with cracks. The local miners thought they were actually creating the cracks because of the lack of proper tools. It was a surprise to them to realise that a lot of the material is originally cracked although the lack of proper equipment does add to cracks and fractures."

However, it is possible to produce nice polished of good colour from these crystals, she said. There have been reports of yellow beryl or heliodor also being mined in the area as well.

RUBY AND SAPPHIRE

Ruby and sapphire occur in the gemstone belt, in metamorphic rock instead of pegmatite. A nice bright red ruby, similar to ruby from Longido in Tanzania, has been found in a metamorphic rock. The ruby occurs as core of red corundum together with green zoisite.

Getting to the ruby deposits in the Molis area is difficult, Dr Kinnaird said. "The usual mode of transport for food and goods in the area is on camel back. In addition, residents in the area treat outsiders with great suspicion, which is a legacy of the civil war. People in the area belong to different clans and are suspicious of people from other clans.

"To get to the area, one needs an escort from the right clan and permission from the Ministry of Water and Minerals. Because of the mistrust and suspicion among the inhabitants, it is difficult to get to the gem bearing areas," Dr Kinnaird said.

Sapphire occurs in nodules on the surface. The nodules appear as lumpy bumps of corundum, and when cracked open, expose the sapphire. Nodules on the surface produce a more greenish blue sapphire, but nice blue sapphire is being mined from greater depths within the rock.

The deposits in Somaliland are different from those in other African countries such as Tanzania and Nigeria where both sapphire and ruby occur together. In Somaliland, ruby and sapphire are found separately.

GARNET, OPAL AND QUARTZ

Dr Kinnaird said the most abundant mineral in Somaliland is garnet. "Everywhere I went there were garnets by the bucket loads - garnets in varying sizes and colours from red to orange, grossular garnet, pyrope and almandine garnets. When polished, they are clean and beautiful.

"When I showed Tsavorite garnet from Kenya to some miners, they said they had seen green garnet and took me to see their green garnet. The rock formations resemble the Kenyan area bearing Tsavorite garnet. We found a few tiny crystals. The larger green crystals which they believed to be green garnet turned out to be a minty green vesuvianite."

Dr Kinnaird said in the places she went, people showed her crystals and wanted her to help identify the stones. "One of them was my driver who brought me orange to yellow opal which did not have a good play of colour. I have also seen nice reddish material with a good colour play and it seems that there is an abundant supply of opal in the country.

"When I first saw the opal specimens, I thought because they looked like the opal from Ethiopia they might occur as nodules in rhyolite. However, some of the opal appears in gypsum and anhydrite strata near the coast of Berbera, although the opal from the west of the country may still come from lava."

Dr Kinnaird said Somaliland has an abundant supply of a variety of quartz. She said an area to the west of Darbuuruq was mined in 1977 and 1978 and a Bulgarian company extracted some 200 tonnes of rock crystals of high purity and clarity. There is also a variety of smoky quartz, often banded, as well as a good quantity of amethyst in deep purple.

Dr Kinnaird said there is production of red spinel and tourmaline in dark green and pink watermelon type, which the miners initially mistaken as alexandrite. An abundance of zircon, nice crystals of colourless topaz, blue and green vesuvianite, rarer titanite as well as apple green apatite occurs in abundance in the emerald-bearing localities.

She said many thought the quartz was diamond and it requires a lot to explaining that there are no diamonds in Somaliland.


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