New discoveries about black holes

[Rambie]

They swallow gas clouds and apparently .... rained on!

Scientists get first look at supermassive black hole 'eating' gas clouds
The observation, made accidentally by astronomers in Chile, provides the first direct evidence for the theory that black holes feed on clouds of gas


An artist illustration released by the European Southern Observatory shows gas clouds plunging toward the supermassive black hole at the centre of a galaxy.

Astronomers in Chile have caught the first-ever glimpse of a “supermassive” black hole preparing to gorge itself on gas clouds about a billion light years from Earth.

Using the ALMA telescope in the Atacama desert, the international team spotted three clouds streaming towards a black hole at speeds of up to 800,000 miles (1.3m km) per hour.

Composed mainly of carbon monoxide, the clouds were “only” 300 light years from the huge hole, “essentially teetering on the edge of being devoured, in astronomical terms”, the European Southern Observatory said in a statement on Wednesday.

The microwave-spectrum observation provides the first direct evidence for the theory that black holes feed on clouds of gas.

“It was magical being able to see evidence of these clouds accreting onto the supermassive black hole,” said Timothy Davis of Cardiff University, who took part in the research.

“This is telling us more about what [supermassive black holes] like to eat and how they evolved,” he told AFP by telephone.



Another illustration of giant gas clouds being swallowed by the black hole.

The researchers cannot observe the black hole directly, inferring its presence from the motion of objects around it.

The observation was an accidental one, the teams were trying to measure how many stars are born in the galaxy when they spotted the clouds.

“We use the black hole as a backlight,” said Davis. “So, the black hole itself obviously emits no radiation but as stuff falls into the black hole that stuff is heated to very high temperatures and that material emits a lot of light.

“So what we see in this case is the shadow of the clouds as they fall into what’s the black hole ... they’re between us and the black hole so they blank out some of this light.”

Black holes are very dense regions in spacetime with a gravitational force so strong that even light cannot escape it – making them invisible

Astronomers just caught rain falling on a black hole for the first time ever



The weather might be crappy where you are right now, but count your lucky stars you live in the comfort of planet Earth, because out there in space, sh*t just got real.

For the first time, astronomers have identified cold, dense clouds condensing around a supermassive black hole in the centre of a massive cluster of galaxies called Abell 2597. Not only are these monstrous intergalactic gas clouds pouring down on the black hole, they’re also feeding it, which could explain how massive black holes keep getting more massive.


"Although it has been a major theoretical prediction in recent years, this is one of the first unambiguous pieces of observational evidence for a chaotic, cold rain feeding a supermassive black hole," said one of the team, astronomer Grant Tremblay from Yale University.

"It’s exciting to think we might actually be observing this galaxy-spanning rainstorm feeding a black hole whose mass is about 300 million times that of the Sun."

Tremblay and his team used data from the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) telescope in Chile to locate the movements of cold molecular gas in the centre of the Abell 2597 Brightest Cluster Galaxy - a massive spiral of 50 galaxies located about 1.23 billion light years from Earth.

The researchers discovered three massive cold gas clouds travelling about 1 million km per hour (around 300 km per second) towards the black hole.

They estimate that each cloud contained as much material as 1 million Suns, and spans at least 10 light-years across. To put that in perspective, 1 light-year is around 9.5 trillion kilometres (5.88 trillion miles), so, umm, you’re gonna need a bigger umbrella.

And if you think we’re oversimplifying by calling this phenomenon crazy black hole rain, Michael Byrne from Motherboard explains:

"Astrophysics and astronomy are overloaded with metaphors, but, in this case, black hole rain is almost a literal description. The precipitation we experience here on Earth happens as moisture-laden air cools and condenses.

It turns out that something similar happens among clusters of galaxies characteristically found commingling with clouds of hot, ionised plasma - some regions of gas cool and fall inward as they condense."

Not only is it incredibly cool that scientists have witnessed a brand new - and completely badass - form of space weather, but the discovery is helping us make sense of how black holes continue to grow so enormous before they eventually collapse under the weight of their own gravity and die.


Scientists have long suggested that supermassive black holes - the biggest black holes we know about in terms of mass - in the largest galaxy clusters grow by feeding on a slow, steady diet of hot, ionised gas pulled in from the galaxy’s outer halo - a process known as accretion. (Aldrich, get out of here, you've had enough.)

What the presence of three gas clouds shooting towards Abell 2597’s black hole suggests is that this 'eating and growing fat' process is far more sporadic - basically, it binges, rather than grazes, Tremblay and his team suggest.

As Byrne explains over at Motherboard, these clouds are about 300 light-years from reaching the event horizon, which is pretty much equivalent to Earth rain being milliseconds away from landing in a puddle. This means the researchers got about as close as you can get to catching them in the act of feeding the black hole, and there’s even a chance that they could witness it falling in.

"f the clouds really are that close to the black hole, we should see them physically move on human timescales - that is, six months to a few years," Tremblay told Charles Q. Choi at Space.com. "We might actually see a movie of cold black hole accretion! That would be really, really cool."

"If these 'cold rainstorms' are both long-lived and common in massive galaxies, it might mean that our understanding of black hole growth needs to be reconsidered," he added.

The results have been described in Nature.