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It mentions that the Isaaq clan only introduced the introduction of the institution of Sultan and Law after colonialism while we had it much earlier, we had a government, law and institution.




Gadabursi's had laws since the 16th century, more info



Source:
Africa, Volume 77
Diedrich Westermann, Edwin William Smith, Cyril Daryll Forde, International African Institute, International Institute of African Languages and Cultures
Oxford University Press, 2007 - Foreign Language Study

Cahiers d'études africaines, Volume 37, Issues 145-148

I have to depart now but before I go my question is what form of administration did Beesha Isaaq have before colonialism?

the author of the book is not well aware of the history of somalis Sultaan Xirsi amaan sultaan diriye sugule was the first Somali sultan in 1820s that introduced law and taxation in what we know somaliland

Emir sharmarke also used to rule with sharia law

Gudubursi

Sultan Deriya was the second isaaq Sultan crowned after Sultaan guleed , Sultan deriya was crowned in burco 1783

Gudubursi

Sultan Deriya was the second isaaq Sultan crowned after Sultaan guleed , Sultan deriya was crowned in burco 1783

interesting emperior...
i hope rural man see this and retract his previous statement

Relying on white men for info on the Somalis is a load of crap
Wasn't it Burton that was mocking the Somalis for intimating that malaria is caused by the the mosquioto back in 1856,now you'll read in the bookst that it was an Itain man that discovred that fact

Sultan Xirsi Amaan AUN is one of my personal heroes.

Abdi Ismail, Emperior

Gartay, the person who wrote this clearly had no knowledge of Somali history. I was wondering how this could be possible