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Y DNA





A Somali man in a traditional taqiyah.
According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005) and Cruciani et al. (2004), the Somalis are paternally closely related to certain Ethiopian groups, particularly Cushitic speakers:[64][65]


"The data suggest that the male Somali population is a branch of the East African population − closely related to the Oromos in Ethiopia and North Kenya − with predominant E3b1 [now "E1b1b1"] cluster lineages... and that the Somali male population has approximately 15% Y chromosomes from Eurasia and approximately 5% from sub-Saharan Africa."[64]

Besides comprising the majority of the Y DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant proportion of the paternal DNA of Ethiopians, Sudanese, Egyptians, Berbers, North African Arabs, as well as many Mediterranean and Balkan Europeans.[65][66] The M78 subclade of E1b1b is found in about 77% of Somali males,[64] which, according to Cruciani et al. (2007), may represent the traces of an ancient migration into the Horn of Africa from Egypt/Libya.[67] After haplogroup E1b1b, the second most frequently occurring Y DNA haplogroup among Somalis is the Eurasian haplogroup T (M70),[68] which is found in slightly more than 10% of Somali males. Haplogroup T, like haplogroup E1b1b, is also typically found among populations of Northeast Africa, North Africa, the Near East and the Mediterranean.[69][70]

mtDNA[edit]

According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup,[71][72] which is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians.[73][74] M1 is believed to have originated in Asia,[75] where its parent M clade represents the majority of mtDNA lineages[76] (particularly in India).[77] This haplogroup is also thought to possibly correlate with the Afro-Asiatic language family:[72]


"We analysed mtDNA variation in ~250 persons from Libya, Somalia, and Congo/Zambia, as representatives of the three regions of interest. Our initial results indicate a sharp cline in M1 frequencies that generally does not extend into sub-Saharan Africa. While our North and especially East African samples contained frequencies of M1 over 20%, our sub-Saharan samples consisted almost entirely of the L1 or L2 haplogroups only. In addition, there existed a significant amount of homogeneity within the M1 haplogroup. This sharp cline indicates a history of little admixture between these regions. This could imply a more recent ancestry for M1 in Africa, as older lineages are more diverse and widespread by nature, and may be an indication of a back-migration into Africa from the Middle East."[72]





A Somali schoolgirl.
Another mtDNA study indicates that:


"Somali, as a representative East African population, seem to have experienced a detectable amount of Caucasoid maternal influence... the proportion m of Caucasoid lineages in the Somali is m = 0.46 [46%]... Our results agree with the hypothesis of a maternal influence of Caucasoid lineages in East Africa, although its contribution seems to be higher than previously reported in mtDNA studies."[78]

Overall, these genetic studies conclude that Somalis and their fellow Ethiopian and Eritrean Northeast African populations represent a unique and distinct biological group on the continent:[79][80]


"The most distinct separation is between African and non-African populations. The northeastern-African -- that is, the Ethiopian and Somali -- populations are located centrally between sub-Saharan African and non-African populations... The fact that the Ethiopians and Somalis have a subset of the sub-Saharan African haplotype diversity -- and that the non-African populations have a subset of the diversity present in Ethiopians and Somalis -- makes simple-admixture models less likely; rather, these observations support the hypothesis proposed by other nuclear-genetic studies (Tishkoff et al. 1996a, 1998a, 1998b; Kidd et al. 1998) -- that populations in northeastern Africa may have diverged from those in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa early in the history of modern African populations and that a subset of this northeastern-African population migrated out of Africa and populated the rest of the globe. These conclusions are supported by recent mtDNA analysis (Quintana-Murci et al. 1999)."[80]

HLA antigens[edit]





A young Somali man.
The analysis of HLA antigens has also helped clarify the possible background of the Somali people, as the distribution of haplotype frequencies vary among population groups.[81] According to Mohamoud et al. (2006):[82]


"HLA antigens of the Somali population are not categorised as well as those of other international ethnic groups. We analysed the HLA antigens of 76 unrelated Somalis who lived in the west of England. HLA -A, -B, -C and DRB1 typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) at a low-intermediate resolution level. Phenotype frequency, gene frequency and haplotype frequency were used to study the relationship between Somalis and other relevant populations. The antigens with highest frequencies were HLA -A1, A2, and A30; B7, B51 and B39; Cw7, Cw16, Cw17, Cw15 and Cw18; DR 13, DR17, DR8 and DR1. HLA haplotypes with high significance and characteristics of the Somali population are B7-Cw7, B39-Cw12, B51-Cw16, B57-Cw18. The result of HLA class I and class II antigen frequencies show that the Somali population appear more similar to Arab or Caucasoid than to African populations. The results are consistent with hypothesis, supported by cultural and historical evidence, of common origin of the Somali population."[82]

Somali mother looks for her UPDF lover


By Patrick Jaramogi

A Somali mother is in Kampala looking for a UPDF soldier who she says fathered her four-month-old baby-boy. The 23-year-old Nino Omar Ibrahim
arrived five days ago after a one-week journey from war-torn Somalia.

The situation back home, she said, had forced her to search for the father of her son who was one of the 1,600 Ugandan peace-keepers deployed in Mogadishu.

“I met him when I took my father, Sheik Ibrahim Omar, for treatment at the AMISOM hospital in Mogadishu,” said the frail-looking Nino.

While she searches for the soldier, Nino has taken refuge in Kisenyi, the Kampala slum which has most Somali refugees.
“I love the father of my boy. All I need is to get in touch with him for assistance. I need him that is why I came. My child is a Ugandan but I feared being
killed due to this act. I am safer here,” she said.

Under Islamic law, which operates in some parts of Somalia, a woman may be killed for having sex out of wedlock.

Still in your fake stories!! well for now!!

Enjoy what ever of fake you have...




Have proven my point

I heard this story where back in the day if a guy wanted to marry a women in koonfur...possibly hawiye culture.. They'd bring the women to this 'noble' guy who would keep the would bë bride for 4 weeks to make sure she's a 'blessed women' anđ then give it back to the would bë husband to marry.

now i wonder how many wecels were concieved?

I heard this story where back in the day if a guy wanted to marry a women in koonfur...possibly hawiye culture.. They'd bring the women to this 'noble' guy who would keep the would bë bride for 4 weeks to make sure she's a 'blessed women' anđ then give it back to the would bë husband to marry.

now i wonder how many wecels were concieved?

no you mean one sheikh one have the women on the first of her marriage then second day give it back to the rightful husband. but this 'shiekh' was only doing it to jahils and dumb ones. now they better.